{"id":1827,"date":"2025-11-20T10:32:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T09:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/?p=1827"},"modified":"2026-02-27T09:53:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T08:53:50","slug":"the-occult-in-art-through-the-ages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/index.php\/2025\/11\/20\/the-occult-in-art-through-the-ages\/","title":{"rendered":"The Occult in Art Through the Ages"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1827\" class=\"elementor elementor-1827\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a0800 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13a0800\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa3afc4 wpr-onepage-nav-hr-right wpr-onepage-nav-vr-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-onepage-nav\" data-id=\"fa3afc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-onepage-nav.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav\" data-speed=\"\" data-highlight=\"\" data-consider-header=\"\"><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-f821de8\"><a href=\"#anchor1\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-2d45c50\"><a href=\"#anchor2\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a28675\"><a href=\"#anchor3\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-c4ad4c8\"><a href=\"#anchor4\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7a980d6\"><a href=\"#anchor5\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-7d35cb7\"><a href=\"#anchor6\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-85226df\"><a href=\"#anchor7\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-fdaf24c\"><a href=\"#anchor8\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"wpr-onepage-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e126f6f\"><a href=\"#anchor9\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef2d435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-reading-progress-bar\" data-id=\"ef2d435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-reading-progress-bar.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-reading-progress-bar-container\" data-background-type=\"transparent\"><div class=\"wpr-reading-progress-bar\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0964e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d0964e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88eada6 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"88eada6\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad54f98 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad54f98\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee586ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee586ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><tbody><tr><td data-colname=\"Meta Desc.\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since ancient times, humanity has tried to depict what lies beyond the visible: gods, mysterious forces, forbidden rituals. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Art, reflecting collective beliefs and fears, serves as a unique witness to these hidden imaginations. From the hellish visions of <\/span><b>Hieronymus Bosch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the mystical compositions of <\/span><b>Hilma af Klint<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the history of Western painting reveals how magic, witchcraft, and demons have manifested through the ages.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-colname=\"Keyphrase\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Inter Tight'; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49\u00a0Watch the complete video on <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/em0vjfx2koo\">YouTube<\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a006888 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a006888\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e822133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"e822133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/em0vjfx2koo&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f5cb e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"979f5cb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c1b42f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c1b42f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origins: Between Sacred Science and Divination\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb14586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb14586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is important to clarify that not everything evoking death or the macabre necessarily falls under the occult. A painting like <\/span><b>Hugo Simberg\u2019s<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Garden of Death<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explores human fragility and fear without referring to esoteric symbols.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57497ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57497ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"635\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-768x635.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1877\" alt=\"three black-robed skeleton figures, personifications of Death, carefully tend to a garden of plants, representing human souls\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-1536x1270.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death-600x496.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Hugo_Simberg_Garden_of_Death.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b7ad0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25b7ad0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Hugo Simberg,<\/em><br \/><em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Garden of Death<\/span><\/i>,<\/em><br \/><em>1896<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c67ce0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c67ce0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term &#8220;occult&#8221; comes from the Latin <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">occultus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning &#8220;hidden, secret, concealed.&#8221; In modern use, it refers to practices and mysterious hidden phenomena linked to the supernatural, often associated with esotericism and accessible only to initiates. Interestingly, the term &#8220;occultism&#8221; itself only appeared in <\/span><b>1842<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the French <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dictionnaire des mots nouveaux<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, referring to the theorization of sciences ranging from astrology to the Kabbalah, alchemy, and sacred geometry.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c66c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79c66c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Antiquity and the Mysteries<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0447752 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0447752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In ancient Rome, the occult was not separate from science or religion. Wall paintings in the <\/span><b>Villa of the Mysteries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> depict secret initiation rites linked to Dionysian mysteries. Votive objects, amulets, and magical inscriptions show that astrology, haruspicy (reading animal entrails), and necromancy were central to daily religious life.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In these societies, the difference between a priest and a sorcerer was not the nature of the practice, but the context:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Priest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acted in the public sphere.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Sorcerer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acted in the private sphere, utilizing knowledge of plants, trance, and the power of the mother goddess.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c172b0b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c172b0b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38014a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c38014a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-1024x117.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1905\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-1024x117.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-300x34.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-768x87.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-1536x175.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-2048x233.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Villa_of_the_Mysteries_Pompeii_-_frescos_01-600x68.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdae351 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdae351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Villa of the Mysteries, Frescos, Pompeii,<\/em><br \/><em>50-40 BCE<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4acd1a9 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4acd1a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c9df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"68c9df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c94ee9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c94ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Struggle Between Good and Evil\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4151d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4151d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the rise of Christianity, the Church viewed the gods of older religions as demons. Ancient shamanism practiced by less-educated classes was labeled witchcraft, becoming the antithesis of Christian values. This era imagined a hierarchy of sorcerers as a dark counterpart to God&#8217;s clergy, serving the devil through Black Masses and nocturnal sabbaths.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5562d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5562d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>The Iconography of the Devil<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c4184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35c4184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early Christian authors like <\/span><b>Saint Augustine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focused on the battle between God and demonic forces. Medieval artists depicted the devil in terrifying forms to convey his menace:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Early Middle Ages:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> He was sometimes shown with feathers like an angel.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>12th Century Onward:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> His skin was imagined as thick leather, with a beast-like body, tail, claws, and hooves, as seen in the <\/span><b>Autun capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3d26e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd3d26e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"944\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil-768x944.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1916\" alt=\"A grotesque, winged devil attempts to tempt the saint by presenting a book of vices, only for Augustine to confront him with spiritual authority, forcing the devil to reveal only one minor transgression (neglecting prayers)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil-768x944.webp 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil-244x300.webp 244w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil-833x1024.webp 833w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil-600x738.webp 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Michael-Pacher-Saint-Augustine-and-the-devil.webp 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d69bcac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d69bcac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Michael Pacher,<\/em><br \/><em>Saint Augustine and the devil,<\/em><br \/><em>1471-1475<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-798feb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"798feb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-768x1000.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1914\" alt=\"A a contorted Judas being hanged by demons at the Autun Cathedral, France\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-768x1000.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-230x300.png 230w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-787x1024.png 787w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-1180x1536.png 1180w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France-600x781.png 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Capital-of-the-Hanging-of-Judas-Autun-cathedral-France.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f603b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f603b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Gislebertus,<\/em><br \/><em>Capital of the Hanging of Judas, Autun cathedral, France,<\/em><br \/><em>1120-1135<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b152d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66b152d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>The Pact and Exorcism<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f00b254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f00b254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea of selling one&#8217;s soul fascinated Europe from the 6th to 10th centuries, notably in the story of the deacon <\/span><b>Theophilus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who made a pact with the devil for power before repenting. By the 13th and 14th centuries, &#8220;abnormal&#8221; behaviors like convulsions were interpreted as demonic possession. Exorcism became a strictly regulated ritual involving prayers, holy water, and relics. Around <\/span><b>1450<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, clergy even began writing manuals to help exorcists study their enemy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a78047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a78047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours-768x598.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1915\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours-768x598.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours-1024x798.png 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours-600x467.png 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Theophilus-and-his-pact-with-the-devil-in-Maastricht-Hours.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3303cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3303cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Theophilus and his pact with the devil, in Maastricht Hours<\/em><br \/><em>c.1300-1325<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-434c901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"434c901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Architecture and Chimeras<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad3db6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ad3db6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cathedrals added gargoyles in the 13th century to remind worshippers of dark forces. A quick historical note: do not confuse <\/span><b>gargoyles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (which serve as gutters) with <\/span><b>chimeras<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The chimeras of Notre-Dame de Paris were added in a neo-Gothic style by <\/span><b>Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during his 19th-century restoration; they did not exist in the Middle Ages.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d738598 e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d738598\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41b98ee e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41b98ee\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791e602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"791e602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Gargoyles-NDP-600x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-ocean-thumb-m size-ocean-thumb-m wp-image-1878\" alt=\"Gargoyles serving as gutters on Notre Dame de Paris cathedral\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Gargoyles-NDP-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Gargoyles-NDP-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Gargoyles-NDP-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Gargoyles-NDP-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e26e6b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e26e6b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Gargoyles,<\/em><br \/><em>Notre Dame de Paris,<\/em><br \/><em>13th century<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66face e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d66face\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19cbfd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19cbfd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chimera-Stryge-NDP-600x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-ocean-thumb-m size-ocean-thumb-m wp-image-1879\" alt=\"Chimera on Notre Dame de Paris overlooking the city on a sunny day\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chimera-Stryge-NDP-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chimera-Stryge-NDP-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chimera-Stryge-NDP-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Chimera-Stryge-NDP-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-138c146 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"138c146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Chimera,<\/em><br \/><em>Notre Dame de Paris,<\/em><br \/><em>19th century<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0794077 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0794077\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d95d69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d95d69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor3\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f68640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f68640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fear and Witchcraft: The Middle Ages and Renaissance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf6edc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf6edc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"2186\" data-end=\"2492\"><b>Apocalyptic Visions<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfacee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfacee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Middle Ages were a time of strict oversight. The Inquisition, established from the 12th century, hunted practices deemed heretical. In this context, art used demons and monsters as moral warnings. <\/span><b>Bosch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> famously multiplied these visions in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Garden of Earthly Delights<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Temptation of Saint Anthony<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Haywain Triptych<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6db1aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6db1aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-768x437.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1880\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-1024x583.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-1536x874.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-2048x1166.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Bosch-The_Garden_of_earthly_delights-600x341.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b36d544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b36d544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Hieronymus Bosch,<\/em><br \/><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Garden of Earthly Delights<\/span>,<\/em><br \/><em>1490\u20131500<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b21968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b21968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>The True Witch Hunts<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f56c2ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f56c2ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While often associated with the Middle Ages, the real witch hunts occurred during the <\/span><b>Renaissance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In the Middle Ages, suspected women were often pitied as outcasts; however, actual trials began in the <\/span><b>1430s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries. Between 1430 and 1630, Europe saw roughly <\/span><b>110,000 trials<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with nearly half ending in execution.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artists of this period mirrored these tensions:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Albrecht D\u00fcrer:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Explored hidden symbols in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Four Witches<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and combined scientific instruments with esoteric symbols in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melencolia I<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cranach the Elder:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Depicted nocturnal assemblies of witches flying to the Brocken Mountain for a sabbath presided over by the Devil as a goat.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pieter Bruegel:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> His <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fall of the Rebel Angels<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> presents a vision of cosmic chaos.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1748dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1748dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1107\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-768x1107.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1883\" alt=\"Four voluptuous nude women in a, perhaps, bathhouse setting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-768x1107.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-208x300.png 208w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-710x1024.png 710w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-1066x1536.png 1066w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-1421x2048.png 1421w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches-600x865.png 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Albrecht-Durer_The-Four-Witches.png 1665w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-743372a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"743372a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Albrecht D\u00fcrer,<\/em><br \/><em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Four Witches<\/span><\/i>,<\/em><br \/><em>1497<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67fcf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e67fcf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1047\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-768x1047.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1937\" alt=\"A a winged woman in deep thought (the personification of melancholy) whittling a stick near naked children playing with a large globe and hoop, in front an apocalyptic background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-768x1047.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-751x1024.jpg 751w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-1127x1536.jpg 1127w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-1502x2048.jpg 1502w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-600x818.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Cranach_Lucas_d._A._-_Die_Melancholie_-_1532-scaled.jpg 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-188d789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"188d789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Lucas Cranach the Elder,<\/em><br \/><em>Melancholia,<\/em><br \/><em>1532<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22fc67e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"22fc67e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-768x554.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1884\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-768x554.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-1024x739.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-1536x1109.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-2048x1478.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project-600x433.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1336bfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1336bfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Pieter Bruegel the Elder,<\/em><br \/><em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Fall of the Rebel Angels<\/span><\/i>,<\/em><br \/><em>1562<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b5621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"80b5621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179-768x574.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1939\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179-1024x765.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179-600x448.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Eugenio-Lucas-Velazquez-Padilla_-_Inquisition_Scene_-_MeisterDrucke-1426179.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe2c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fe2c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Eugenio Lucas Vel\u00e1zquez (Padilla),<\/em><br \/><em>Inquisition Scene,<\/em><br \/><em>1851<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b014e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91b014e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>The Baroque and the Enlightenment<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5daf7ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5daf7ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the Baroque period, artists like <\/span><b>Frans Francken<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Salvator Rosa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used witchcraft to explore the limits of nature and human imagination. However, by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the rise of the <\/span><b>Enlightenment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> favored reason and science, causing depictions of the occult to decline as supernatural beliefs were relegated to superstition.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-127974c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"127974c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat-768x510.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1919\" alt=\"A nocturnal, chaotic gathering of witches, demons, and familiars\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Frans_Francken_witches-sabbat.jpg 1470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7c3abd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7c3abd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Frans II Francken,<\/em><br \/><em>Witches&#8217; Sabbath,<\/em><br \/><em>1607<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f265b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6f265b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-768x432.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1920\" alt=\"A chaotic, nightmarish witches&apos; sabbath in a dark landscape. It features naked witches, sorcerers, and monsters performing ghoulish rituals\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Salvator-Rosa-Witches-at-their-Incantations.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f705378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f705378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Salvator Rosa,<\/em><br \/><em>Witches at their Incantations,<\/em><br \/><em>c. 1646<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaec95d e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aaec95d\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f687173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f687173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor4\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839e65d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"839e65d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Japanese Spirits: The Edo Period<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b19ea68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b19ea68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While European interest temporarily faded, the traditions of <\/span><b>y\u016brei<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (ghosts) and <\/span><b>oni<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (demons) flourished in Japan. From the 17th century onward, <\/span><b>ukiyo-e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> prints depicted these supernatural figures.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Y\u016brei:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Often shown in white funeral kimonos, linked to vengeance.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maruyama \u014ckyo:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> His late 18th-century silk scroll, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ghost of Oyuki<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, set the standard for ghosts: disheveled hair, transparent bodies, and no lower body.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abc7142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abc7142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"1738\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1885\" alt=\"A female spirit with a, pale, almost transparent complexion, featuring long, disheveled black hair that fades into faint, thin, wispy brushstrokes at the bottom\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1.png 730w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1-126x300.png 126w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1-430x1024.png 430w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1-645x1536.png 645w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Oyuki-1-600x1428.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d4ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18d4ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Maruyama \u014ckyo,<\/em><br \/><em><i>The Ghost of Oyuki<\/i>,<\/em><br \/><em>c. 1750<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28ae0e0 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"28ae0e0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b1f69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"11b1f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2818e02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2818e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 19th Century: Romanticism and Symbolism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52862cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52862cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the Enlightenment failed to provide all the answers, the 19th century saw a return to the irrational.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fuseli:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Paved the way for Gothic imagery with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Nightmare<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Goya:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Critiqued superstition in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Caprichos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and depicted a witchcraft ritual in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Witches&#8217; Sabbath<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>William Blake:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Created <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Great Red Dragon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> series between 1805 and 1810, illustrating the struggle between heavenly and infernal forces.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Alexandre Cabanel:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Humanized the demon in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fallen Angel<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1847), highlighting pain and wounded pride.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d04da17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d04da17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"617\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-768x617.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1886\" alt=\"A sleeping woman draped over a bed, with a demonic incubus on her chest and a horse&apos;s head appearing in the background, symbolizing sleep paralysis and terror\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-768x617.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-1024x822.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-1536x1233.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-2048x1644.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Johann_Heinrich_Fussli_-_The_Nightmare_MAIN-1-600x482.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a92be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21a92be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Henry Fuseli,<\/em><br \/><em>The Nightmare,<\/em><br \/><em>1781<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c006982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c006982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1081\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-768x1081.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1938\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-768x1081.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-728x1024.jpg 728w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-1092x1536.jpg 1092w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-1456x2048.jpg 1456w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-600x844.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GOYA_-_El_aquelarre_Museo_Lazaro_Galdiano_Madrid_1797-98-1-scaled.jpg 1820w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-779db94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"779db94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Francisco de Goya,<\/em><br \/><em>Witches&#8217; Sabbath,<\/em><br \/><em>1798<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1e7b89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b1e7b89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/William-blake-the-great-red-dragon-and-the-woman-clothed-with-sun-600x600.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-ocean-thumb-m size-ocean-thumb-m wp-image-1892\" alt=\"A seven-headed red dragon with immense wings poised to devour a clothed woman, symbolizing a cosmic battle between good and evil\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/William-blake-the-great-red-dragon-and-the-woman-clothed-with-sun-600x600.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/William-blake-the-great-red-dragon-and-the-woman-clothed-with-sun-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/William-blake-the-great-red-dragon-and-the-woman-clothed-with-sun-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/William-blake-the-great-red-dragon-and-the-woman-clothed-with-sun-100x100.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62073b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b62073b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>William Blake,<br \/><\/em><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em class=\"eujQNb\">The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun<\/em>,<br \/>1803<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9b0fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b9b0fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-768x522.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1893\" alt=\"A muscular, nude Lucifer immediately after his banishment from Heaven, showcasing a poignant mix of defiance and despair\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-1536x1044.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-2048x1392.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel-600x408.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcb00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dcb00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Alexandre Cabanel,<\/em><br \/><em>The Fallen Angel,<\/em><br \/><em>1847<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-626bdc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"626bdc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Neo-Occultism and Spiritualism<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7178b17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7178b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the late 19th century, a craze for <\/span><b>spiritualism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014communicating with spirits\u2014gripped the West, popularized by <\/span><b>Allan Kardec<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and figures like the Fox sisters. This era saw the rise of secret societies like the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross. <\/span><b>Symbolist<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> artists made the occult their favorite subject, filling their works with themes of alchemy, black magic, and mystical visions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fce0b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fce0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"970\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-970x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1921\" alt=\"A seated, monumental fallen angel, embodying a &quot;man-demon&quot; of dark beauty. It features a muscular, dark-winged figure with intense, glowing eyes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-970x1024.jpg 970w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-284x300.jpg 284w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-768x811.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-1455x1536.jpg 1455w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-1940x2048.jpg 1940w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Luzifer_Lucifer_painting_by_Franz_von_Stuck_1890_National_Gallery_in_Sofia-600x633.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-643eb79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"643eb79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Franz von Stuck,<\/em><br \/><em>Lucifer,<\/em><br \/><em>1890<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1066c2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1066c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-1024x716.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1926\" alt=\"Three nude figures gathered around a central fire in a wooded setting, accompanied by black cats, embodying a mystical, occult theme\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-1024x716.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-768x537.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-2048x1431.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Les_Sorcieres_autour_du_feu_Paul_Ranson_PMD_976.3.63-1-600x419.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b91b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b91b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Paul Ranson,<\/em><br \/><em>Witches Around the Fire,<\/em><br \/><em>1891<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb8c04d e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb8c04d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04f7c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04f7c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/circe-invidiosa-john-william-waterhouse-akg.akg931313-964x2024-1-rjq3aobyfbnlk6ems4dtqysm4l3s5i8gqmip7cfbi8.jpeg\" title=\"circe-invidiosa-john-william-waterhouse-akg.akg931313-964\u00d72024\" alt=\"A powerful, enchanting, and dangerous femme fatale, often highlighting her magical power, jealousy, and ability to transform men into beasts\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a70c30e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a70c30e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Crystal_Ball_-_MeisterDrucke-996093-rjr109qeasz3fnlc8pd90pxcxzga944cxcz7ch0lxc.jpg\" title=\"John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Crystal_Ball_-_(MeisterDrucke-996093)\" alt=\"John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Crystal_Ball_-_(MeisterDrucke-996093)\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1675fce e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1675fce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a6e9d e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48a6e9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-932c1ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"932c1ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>John William Waterhouse,<\/em><br \/><em>Circe invidiosa,<\/em><br \/><em>1892<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d206abc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d206abc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>John William Waterhouse,<\/em><br \/><em>The Crystal Ball,<\/em><br \/><em>1902<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b389a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"b389a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor6\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bedb25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bedb25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 20th Century to Today: Modern Esotericism<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58df2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58df2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 20th century, the occult became a driving force for abstraction, seen in <\/span><b>Hilma af Klint\u2019s<\/b> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Altarpieces<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Surrealists like <\/span><b>Dal\u00ed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Max Ernst<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explored alchemical symbols and dreams.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0434a09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0434a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1007\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2-768x1007.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1934\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2-768x1007.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2-781x1024.jpg 781w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2-600x787.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/hilma-af-klint_moderna-museet_4_aware_women-artists_artistes-femmes-1144x1500-2.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b14fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b14fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Hilma af Klint,<\/em><br \/><em>Altarpiece, No. 1, Group X,<\/em><br \/><em>1904<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5406e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5406e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"919\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD-768x919.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1944\" alt=\"A white rose dripping onto a large white egg, symbolizing metamorphosis and the Philosopher&apos;s Stone. The scene depicts a transformative ritual.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD-768x919.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD-251x300.jpg 251w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD-856x1024.jpg 856w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD-600x718.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Leonora-Carrington-AB-EO-QUOD.jpg 1070w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1bc14f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1bc14f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Leonora Carrington,<\/em><br \/><em>AB EO, QUOD,<\/em><br \/><em>1956<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d65b03e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d65b03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>The Witch as a Feminist Symbol<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c0e94e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c0e94e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The figure of the witch was reclaimed as a symbol of resistance. In the 1890s, suffragist <\/span><b>Matilda Joslyn Gage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> portrayed her as a powerful woman. This resonated in the 1970s when the witch became a feminist icon representing resistance against patriarchy, notably with the <\/span><b>W.I.T.C.H. collective<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 1968.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c5b2e e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25c5b2e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e4276b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0e4276b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"815\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-815x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1947\" alt=\"The photograph depicts Edelson in an empowered, triumphant pose standing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-815x1024.jpg 815w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-768x966.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-1222x1536.jpg 1222w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973-600x754.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zipper-Sheela-Stepping-Out-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson-1973.jpg 1501w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99616de elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"99616de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"815\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-815x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1946\" alt=\"The photograph depicts Edelson in an empowered, triumphant pose standing over the body of a quickly sketched man.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-815x1024.jpg 815w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-768x966.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-1222x1536.jpg 1222w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973-600x754.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Red-Kali-from-the-series-Trickster-Series-by-Mary-Beth-Edelson.-1973.jpg 1501w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7c350 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c7c350\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490109c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"490109c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Mary Beth Edelson,<\/em><br \/><em>&#8220;Red Kali&#8221; and &#8220;Zipper Sheela: Stepping Out&#8221; from the series Trickster Series,<\/em><br \/><em>1973<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ba6da7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ba6da7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Contemporary Reinterpretations<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25a107b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25a107b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The occult remains a potent symbolic power in contemporary art:<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Pierre Joseph<\/strong> Revisits the codes of the occult with a touch of humor<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Luis Royo:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reinvents fallen angels in futuristic, apocalyptic landscapes.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Luciana Lupe Vasconcelos:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Depicts primordial goddesses emerging from the waters of creation.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Myriam Mihindou:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Recently explored shamanic traditions and identity in her retrospective <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Praesentia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bb043b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1bb043b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-768x1152.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1936\" alt=\"Pierre Joseph, Character to Be Reactivated (The Witch)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pierre-Joseph_1993-le-grand-bleu-la-sorciere-1.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e5d4bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e5d4bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Pierre Joseph,<\/em><br \/><em>The Witch (Character to be Reactivated),<\/em><br \/><em>1993<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432d9ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"432d9ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-768x522.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1894\" alt=\"Two fallen angels in futuristic, apocalyptic landscapes.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-1536x1045.png 1536w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-2048x1393.png 2048w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Royo-fallen-angels-adobe-600x408.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7d2c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7d2c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Luis Royo,<\/em><br \/><em>Fallen Angels,<\/em><br \/><em>1998<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3aac5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3aac5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1286\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-768x1286.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1895\" alt=\"A primordial goddesses emerging from the waters of creation.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-768x1286.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-179x300.png 179w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-612x1024.png 612w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-917x1536.png 917w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1-600x1005.png 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lupe-vasconcelos-1.png 1194w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d69a7cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d69a7cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Luciana Lupe Vasconcelos,<\/em><br \/><em>A Noite e uma Vaca Preta,<\/em><br \/><em>2013<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25e98e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"25e98e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1153\" src=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou-768x1153.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1896\" alt=\"A picture Mihindou\u2019s own hands bound, pierced with pins, and painted with kaolin clay powder, traditionally applied to the skin during rites of passage or trances\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou-768x1153.png 768w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou-682x1024.png 682w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou-600x901.png 600w, https:\/\/artoria.tv\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Mihindou.png 826w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5cfda4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5cfda4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Myriam Mihindou,<\/em><br \/><em>&#8220;Praesentia&#8221; exhibition,<\/em><br \/><em>2024<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a4972 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f6a4972\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0747459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0747459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"anchor9\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4c1925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4c1925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In the End...\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a4b0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7a4b0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Across the centuries, the occult has fueled the imagination, giving form to the invisible and questioning the limits of human knowledge. It is not just superstition; it is a way of thinking about the world.<\/span><\/p><p><b>What about you?<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Do you think art can reveal truths that reason cannot grasp? Share your thoughts in the comments!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d50c455 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d50c455\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-802d208 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"802d208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9d5c1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9d5c1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"190\" data-end=\"201\"><strong data-start=\"190\" data-end=\"199\">Books<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"329\"><li data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"237\"><p data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"237\"><em data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"228\">Symboles et All\u00e9gories<\/em>, Hazan<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"292\"><p data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"292\"><em style=\"font-size: 15px;\" data-start=\"295\" data-end=\"327\">Le Petit Larousse des symboles<\/em><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"292\"><p data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"292\"><em style=\"font-size: 15px;\" data-start=\"295\" data-end=\"327\">Marie-Louise Winbladh, The Bearded Goddess: Androgynes, Goddesses and Monsters in Ancient Cyprus, Armida Publications, 2012<\/em><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"334\" \/><p data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"1068\"><strong data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"377\">General Articles and Videos<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"1068\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beauxarts.com\/vu\/cultes-10-oeuvres-au-poil\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"376\">Beaux Arts \u2013 Cultes: 10 \u0153uvres au poil<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/les-femmes-a-barbe-dans-lart-saintes-ou-pecheresses-197926\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"516\">The Conversation \u2013 Les femmes \u00e0 barbe dans l\u2019art<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SZNAFLpRm1U&amp;pp=ygUQcG9pbHMgZGFucyBsJ2FydA%3D%3D\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"629\">YouTube \u2013 MAD exhibition &#8220;Des cheveux et des poils&#8221;\u00a0<\/a><\/p><hr data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1073\" \/><p data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1471\"><strong data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1110\">Academic or Specialist Articles<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1471\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/medievales\/6590\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"813\">Pers\u00e9e \u2013 Medievales<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liber_physiognomiae\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"899\">Liber physiognomiae \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/histoire-image.org\/etudes\/charlemagne\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"978\">Histoire Image \u2013 Charlemagne<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/tanjand.livejournal.com\/2742632.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1047\">Tanjand LiveJournal<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bl.uk\/digitisedmanuscripts\/2017\/04\/hairy-mary.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1156\">British Library \u2013 Digitised Manuscripts<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psautier_de_la_reine_Marie\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1256\">Psautier de la reine Marie \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/p><hr data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1476\" \/><p data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"3203\"><strong data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1536\">Places and Artworks Related to the Topic<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"3203\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/547607\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1395\">Met Museum \u2013 Herakles Farnese<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Herakles_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_Inv6001_n01.jpg?uselang=fr\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1397\" data-end=\"1523\">Wikimedia \u2013 Herakles Farnese<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/asset\/venus-of-urbino-%E6%8F%90%E9%BD%90%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E4%BC%BD%E7%95%A5\/bQGS8pnP5vr2Jg?hl=fr\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1714\">Google Arts &amp; Culture \u2013 Venus of Urbino<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unebrevehistoiredart.com\/2020\/09\/16\/pierre-et-gilles-de-retour-a-la-galerie-templon\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1845\">Pierre &amp; Gilles \u2013 Galerie Templon<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinfo.fr\/culture\/arts-expos\/photographie\/pierre-et-gilles-exposent-leurs-stars-mythologiques_3283729.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1847\" data-end=\"2001\">Pierre &amp; Gilles \u2013 Franceinfo<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/museemaillol.com\/en\/expositions\/mykola-tolmachev-the-desire-of-drawing\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2143\">Centre Pompidou \u2013 Mykola Tolmachev<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/zuhra_hilal\/?hl=fr\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2145\" data-end=\"2216\">Instagram \u2013 Zuhra Hilal<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/planete-vintage.com\/blogs\/blog-vintage\/gil-elvgren-pin-up-art?srsltid=AfmBOoorpCXNV1LdWsxJay8rR--33IsrkmnRQCxpoqbz8mTmd0yYaIQ8\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2396\">Plan\u00e8te Vintage \u2013 Gil Elvgren Pin-Up Art<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/publicdelivery.org\/andy-warhol-marilyn-monroe\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2398\" data-end=\"2500\">Public Delivery \u2013 Andy Warhol Marilyn Monroe<\/a><\/p><hr data-start=\"3205\" data-end=\"3208\" \/><p data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"4317\"><strong data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"3238\">Specific Works Mentioned<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"4317\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Birth_of_Venus_(Cabanel)\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2619\">Cabanel \u2013 The Birth of Venus<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Origine_du_monde\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2711\">Gustave Courbet \u2013 L\u2019Origine du monde<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fichier:Alfons_mucha_obraz_1.jpg\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2713\" data-end=\"2804\">Alfons Mucha \u2013 Painting 1<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/jeveuxunerousse.wordpress.com\/2012\/05\/08\/nuda-veritas-par-gustav-klimt\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2806\" data-end=\"2916\">Gustav Klimt \u2013 Nuda Veritas<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L.H.O.O.Q.\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2918\" data-end=\"2989\">Marcel Duchamp \u2013 L.H.O.O.Q.<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hekint.org\/2022\/12\/19\/interpreting-rene-magrittes-the-rape\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2991\" data-end=\"3109\">Ren\u00e9 Magritte \u2013 The Rape<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suzy_Solidor#:~:text=Son%20portrait%20le%20plus%20c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre,hypoth%C3%A8se%20o%C3%B9%20Suzy%20pose%20nue\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3111\" data-end=\"3280\">Suzy Solidor \u2013 Portrait<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tessier-sarrou.com\/en\/lot\/103132\/13623735-rare-bande-fixe-moustache-parisien-pour-faconner-les?search=&amp;sort=1\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3282\" data-end=\"3458\">Tessier Sarrou \u2013 Rare Bande Fixe Moustache Parisien<\/a><\/p><hr data-start=\"4319\" data-end=\"4322\" \/><p data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"6855\"><strong data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4364\">Wikipedia (from general to specific)<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"6855\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%86thelstan\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3499\" data-end=\"3556\">\u00c6thelstan<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liste_des_monarques_d%27Angleterre\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3558\" data-end=\"3658\">Liste des monarques d\u2019Angleterre<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quintessence_%28philosophie%29\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3660\" data-end=\"3750\">Quintessence (philosophie)<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Martyre_de_sainte_Julie#:~:text=Le%20Martyre%20de%20sainte%20Julie%20ou%20le%20Retable%20de%20sainte,Triptyque%20de%20la%20martyre%20crucifi%C3%A9e\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3962\">Le Martyre de sainte Julie<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pouf_(coiffure)\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4028\">Pouf (coiffure)<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madame_de_Lamballe\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4030\" data-end=\"4100\">Madame de Lamballe<\/a>, <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_et_Gilles\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4102\" data-end=\"4168\">Pierre et Gilles<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1385a5 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e1385a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace08d7 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ace08d7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since ancient times, humanity has tried to depict what lies beyond the visible: gods, mysterious forces, forbidden rituals. Art, reflecting collective beliefs and fears, serves as a unique witness to these hidden imaginations. From the hellish visions of Hieronymus Bosch to the mystical compositions of Hilma af Klint, the history of Western painting reveals how magic, witchcraft, and demons have manifested through the ages. \u00a0 \ud83d\udc49\u00a0Watch the complete video on YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/em0vjfx2koo Origins: Between Sacred Science and Divination It is important to clarify that not everything evoking death or the macabre necessarily falls under the occult. A painting like Hugo Simberg\u2019s Garden of Death explores human fragility and fear without referring to esoteric symbols. Hugo Simberg,Garden of Death,1896 The term &#8220;occult&#8221; comes from the Latin occultus, meaning &#8220;hidden, secret, concealed.&#8221; In modern use, it refers to practices and mysterious hidden phenomena linked to the supernatural, often associated with esotericism and accessible only to initiates. Interestingly, the term &#8220;occultism&#8221; itself only appeared in 1842 in the French Dictionnaire des mots nouveaux, referring to the theorization of sciences ranging from astrology to the Kabbalah, alchemy, and sacred geometry. Antiquity and the Mysteries In ancient Rome, the occult was not separate from science or religion. Wall paintings in the Villa of the Mysteries depict secret initiation rites linked to Dionysian mysteries. Votive objects, amulets, and magical inscriptions show that astrology, haruspicy (reading animal entrails), and necromancy were central to daily religious life. In these societies, the difference between a priest and a sorcerer was not the nature of the practice, but the context: The Priest acted in the public sphere. The Sorcerer acted in the private sphere, utilizing knowledge of plants, trance, and the power of the mother goddess. Villa of the Mysteries, Frescos, Pompeii,50-40 BCE The Struggle Between Good and Evil With the rise of Christianity, the Church viewed the gods of older religions as demons. Ancient shamanism practiced by less-educated classes was labeled witchcraft, becoming the antithesis of Christian values. This era imagined a hierarchy of sorcerers as a dark counterpart to God&#8217;s clergy, serving the devil through Black Masses and nocturnal sabbaths. The Iconography of the Devil Early Christian authors like Saint Augustine focused on the battle between God and demonic forces. Medieval artists depicted the devil in terrifying forms to convey his menace: Early Middle Ages: He was sometimes shown with feathers like an angel. 12th Century Onward: His skin was imagined as thick leather, with a beast-like body, tail, claws, and hooves, as seen in the Autun capital. Michael Pacher,Saint Augustine and the devil,1471-1475 Gislebertus,Capital of the Hanging of Judas, Autun cathedral, France,1120-1135 The Pact and Exorcism The idea of selling one&#8217;s soul fascinated Europe from the 6th to 10th centuries, notably in the story of the deacon Theophilus, who made a pact with the devil for power before repenting. By the 13th and 14th centuries, &#8220;abnormal&#8221; behaviors like convulsions were interpreted as demonic possession. Exorcism became a strictly regulated ritual involving prayers, holy water, and relics. Around 1450, clergy even began writing manuals to help exorcists study their enemy. Theophilus and his pact with the devil, in Maastricht Hoursc.1300-1325 Architecture and Chimeras Cathedrals added gargoyles in the 13th century to remind worshippers of dark forces. A quick historical note: do not confuse gargoyles (which serve as gutters) with chimeras. The chimeras of Notre-Dame de Paris were added in a neo-Gothic style by Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc during his 19th-century restoration; they did not exist in the Middle Ages. Gargoyles,Notre Dame de Paris,13th century Chimera,Notre Dame de Paris,19th century Fear and Witchcraft: The Middle Ages and Renaissance Apocalyptic Visions The Middle Ages were a time of strict oversight. The Inquisition, established from the 12th century, hunted practices deemed heretical. In this context, art used demons and monsters as moral warnings. Bosch famously multiplied these visions in The Garden of Earthly Delights, The Temptation of Saint Anthony, and The Haywain Triptych. Hieronymus Bosch,The Garden of Earthly Delights,1490\u20131500 The True Witch Hunts While often associated with the Middle Ages, the real witch hunts occurred during the Renaissance. In the Middle Ages, suspected women were often pitied as outcasts; however, actual trials began in the 1430s and peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries. Between 1430 and 1630, Europe saw roughly 110,000 trials, with nearly half ending in execution. Artists of this period mirrored these tensions: Albrecht D\u00fcrer: Explored hidden symbols in The Four Witches and combined scientific instruments with esoteric symbols in Melencolia I. Cranach the Elder: Depicted nocturnal assemblies of witches flying to the Brocken Mountain for a sabbath presided over by the Devil as a goat. Pieter Bruegel: His Fall of the Rebel Angels presents a vision of cosmic chaos. Albrecht D\u00fcrer,The Four Witches,1497 Lucas Cranach the Elder,Melancholia,1532 Pieter Bruegel the Elder,The Fall of the Rebel Angels,1562 Eugenio Lucas Vel\u00e1zquez (Padilla),Inquisition Scene,1851 The Baroque and the Enlightenment During the Baroque period, artists like Frans Francken and Salvator Rosa used witchcraft to explore the limits of nature and human imagination. However, by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the rise of the Enlightenment favored reason and science, causing depictions of the occult to decline as supernatural beliefs were relegated to superstition. Frans II Francken,Witches&#8217; Sabbath,1607 Salvator Rosa,Witches at their Incantations,c. 1646 Japanese Spirits: The Edo Period While European interest temporarily faded, the traditions of y\u016brei (ghosts) and oni (demons) flourished in Japan. From the 17th century onward, ukiyo-e prints depicted these supernatural figures. Y\u016brei: Often shown in white funeral kimonos, linked to vengeance. Maruyama \u014ckyo: His late 18th-century silk scroll, The Ghost of Oyuki, set the standard for ghosts: disheveled hair, transparent bodies, and no lower body. Maruyama \u014ckyo,The Ghost of Oyuki,c. 1750 The 19th Century: Romanticism and Symbolism As the Enlightenment failed to provide all the answers, the 19th century saw a return to the irrational. Fuseli: Paved the way for Gothic imagery with The Nightmare. Goya: Critiqued superstition in Los Caprichos and depicted a witchcraft ritual in Witches&#8217; Sabbath. 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